Tag: Platelets

Introduction

Blood is a complex mixture of cells, proteins, and other molecules that play crucial roles in maintaining our health. Two of the most important components of blood are plasma and serum, which are often used interchangeably but are actually quite different. The liquid component of blood that remains after the blood cells, platelets, and other cellular components have been removed is termed as plasma. Serum on the other hand is the liquid component that remains after the blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. 

Plasma

It is a yellowish fluid that makes up about 55% of the total volume of blood. Plasma is composed of water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and a variety of proteins, including albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. These proteins are involved in a wide range of important functions, including maintaining blood pressure, transporting nutrients, and fighting infections. Some common tests that measure plasma levels include electrolyte tests, liver function tests, and blood glucose tests.

Function of Plasma

Plasma plays several important roles in the body, including:

1. Transport: Plasma is responsible for transporting nutrients, hormones, waste products, and gases throughout the body.
2. Blood clotting: It includes clotting factor in the blood clotting process, this helps to prevent excessive bleeding in the event of an injury.
3. Immune system: It contains components like antibodies and proteins which protects the body against infection and disease.
4. Regulation of pH and osmotic pressure: Plasma helps to maintain the balance of acids and bases in the body and regulate the osmotic pressure of the blood, which is important for proper function of the cells and tissues.
5. Metabolism: Plasma helps to transport glucose and other nutrients to the cells for energy production, and carries waste products away from the cells for elimination.

Serum 

The liquid component of blood that remains after the blood has clotted and the clot has been removed is termed as serum. It is a yellowish fluid similar in composition to plasma, but differ due to the lack of clotting factors such as fibrinogen. Serum is mainly composed of water, electrolytes, and a range of proteins, including albumin and globulins. It plays a key role in transporting nutrients and waste products around the body.

Function of serum

The main function of serum in blood is to provide a sample for medical testing. Unlike plasma, serum does not contain the clotting factors that are necessary for blood to clot. This makes it possible to obtain a clear, unclotted sample of blood that can be used for various laboratory tests.

The tests performed on serum can provide important information about a person’s health, such as:

1. Hormonal levels: Serum tests can measure the levels of hormones in the blood, such as testosterone, thyroid hormones, and cortisol, which can help diagnose and monitor various health conditions.
2. Enzyme levels: Serum tests can measure levels of enzymes in the blood, such as liver enzymes, which can indicate liver function and help diagnose liver disease.
3. Antibody levels: Serum tests can measure levels of antibodies in the blood, which can help diagnose and monitor infections and autoimmune diseases.
4. Nutrient levels: Serum tests can measure levels of nutrients in the blood, such as glucose, calcium, and iron, which can help diagnose and monitor various health conditions.

Difference between plasma and serum

Plasma and serum differ in their composition and how they are obtained.

1. Composition: Plasma contains all the components of blood, including clotting factors such as fibrinogen. Serum, on the other hand, is obtained by allowing the blood to clot and removing the clotted material, resulting in a liquid that does not contain clotting factors.
2. Method of Obtainment: Plasma is obtained by centrifuging whole blood to separate the cellular components from the liquid. Serum is obtained by allowing the blood to clot and then removing the clotted material, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
3. Uses: Plasma is used for a variety of purposes, including transfusions, blood product production, and research. Serum is used primarily for medical testing, as it provides a clear, un clotted sample of blood that can be used to measure various substances in the blood, such as hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and nutrients.

Summary

Plasma and serum are two important components of blood that play critical roles in maintaining the health of an organism. Plasma is the yellowish fluid component of blood that makes up about 55% of its total volume. It contains water, salts, enzymes, hormones, and other dissolved substances. Serum, on the other hand, is the clear liquid that is obtained after the blood has been allowed to clot and the clotted material has been removed. It contains all the components of plasma, excluding the clotting factors. Serum is often used in medical tests to diagnose and monitor various diseases, such as liver and kidney function tests

 

Frequently Asked Questions 

1. Can plasma and serum be used interchangeably?

No, plasma and serum are not interchangeable. They have different compositions and are used for different purposes.

2. Can you donate plasma and serum?

Plasma can be donated through a process called plasmapheresis, while serum is typically collected as part of a blood donation.

3. What are granulocytes?

Granulocytes are also known as leukocytes is a type of white blood cell, that is crucial for  the immune system. They are so called because they contain granules, which are small, round structures visible under a microscope, in their cytoplasm. 

Introduction

The human body is a complex structure made up of several organs that are arranged into different systems and are designed to perform specific functions during various life events. To stay healthy, each of these systems needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. The metabolic wastes produced by each of these systems must also be transported to the excretory organs to get expelled from the body. The body’s fluids, which are constantly circulated throughout the body, carry out all of this transportation. These fluids are lymph and blood. This article will go into further detail about lymph.

What is Lymph?

An alkaline translucent fluid called lymph fills the gaps between the lymphatic tissue and travels via the lymph vessels. It is a vascular fluid connective tissue that aids the immune system in performing its duties by transporting chemicals throughout the body. It is the primary component of the lymphatic system.

Composition of Lymph

Plasma and lymphocytes are the two components that make up the lymph.

Plasma: The lymph’s fluid component and its matrix are known as plasma. It is produced as a result of the ultrafiltration of blood plasma through the capillary walls. Its composition is essentially similar to that of blood plasma, with the exception that it has a higher concentration of glucose and a lower proportion of proteins, calcium, or phosphorus.

Leucocytes: Unlike blood, the lymph’s cellular makeup only consists of amoeboid WBCs, also known as leucocytes. Lymphocytes are the main form of WBC that are present in the lymph. These WBCs are agranular, and their main job is to help the body’s defence system by assisting in the production of antibodies. So we can say that lymph is the blood that has been stripped of its red blood cells, platelets, and some proteins.

Lymph vs Blood

The two fluid connective tissues in the body are blood and lymph. However, there is a big difference in the way they are made and how they circulate. The distinctions between lymph and blood are outlined in the table below.

Lymph	Blood
Lymph is a colourless fluid in connective tissue.	Blood is a red-coloured fluid.
The lymphatic system carries lymph through it.	The cardiovascular system carries blood through it.
Leucocytes and plasma make up the lymph.	Plasma, leucocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes make up blood.
Proteins, calcium, and phosphate are present in lymphatic plasma in comparably lower amounts.	Higher amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and proteins are present in the blood plasma.

Lymph, Lymphatic Vessels, and Lymphoid Organs

• The lymphatic system is made up of lymph, lymphatic veins, and lymphoid organs. The interstitial fluid that is lost from the circulatory system as a result of the filtration of blood through capillary walls is restored to it via this supplementary pathway. 
• The lymphatic system is made up of several soft, fragile lymph nodes, which are bean- or sphere-shaped structures. 
• Lymph nodes are typically invisible and are hard to find. They can be seen in the armpit, groin, neck, and region between the chest and abdomen. These nodes may swell as a result of an infection within the body, which may be a sign that the body is fighting against the illness.
• In the lymphatic system, the lymph passes through the lymph vessels. The main lymphatic vessel is the thoracic duct, which enters near the base of the spine and receives lymph from the lower chest, pelvis, and abdomen. 
• Primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs are the two categories of lymphoid organs. The bone marrow and thymus are prominent examples, but the spleen, tonsils, and several other mucus membrane tissues are secondary examples. 
• The lymphoid organs are linked to the development of immune cells and play a crucial part in the body’s immunological response.

The Function of the Lymph

The lymph has two main roles: supporting the circulatory system and boosting the immune system. The lymphatic system serves the following functions.

• Immune response: White blood cells, which are a vital component of the body’s defense system, are found in the lymph. Lymphocytes in the lymph secrete antibodies that defend the body against foreign invaders.
• Fat absorption from the digestive tract: Blood cannot carry fats. They circulate throughout the body after being absorbed by the lymph.
• Acts as a middle man: Lymph serves as a conduit for the exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues. so serves as a bridge between the blood and tissue cells.
• Waste material transportation: Waste products leave the tissues and are carried by lymph, which then excretes them into the blood for them to be transported to the excretory organs for removal from the body.

Summary

An alkaline, translucent fluid called lymph fills the gaps between the lymphatic tissue and travels via the lymph vessels. Plasma and lymphocytes are the two components that make up the lymph. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph, lymphatic veins, and lymphoid organs. The lymph has two main roles: supporting the circulatory system and boosting the immune system.

Frequently Asked Questions  

1.Why is Lymph Regarded as Blood without Some Proteins, Red Blood Cells, or Platelets?
Ans. White blood cells and plasma make up the lymph. Although the composition of lymphatic plasma is essentially identical to that of blood plasma, it lacks certain proteins, and coagulating agents, and has significantly less calcium and phosphorus. Lymph can therefore be compared to blood, which lacks some proteins, red blood cells, and platelets.

2.How does Swelling of Lymph Nodes Occur?
Ans. Any type of infection in the body can cause swelling in the lymph nodes. It is a sign that the body’s immune system is working to fight off an infection of some kind.

3.How does the Lymphatic System Function?
Ans. By supporting the immune system and guarding the body against external intruders, the lymphatic system serves a crucial role in the body. Additionally, it controls blood volume by replenishing the interstitial fluid that drains from blood as it flows through blood capillaries.

4.Define Lymphedema.
Ans. Lymphedema is a condition in which the body’s lymphatic system accumulates protein-rich fluid, which causes swelling in tissues. Typically, it affects the hands or legs, but it may also develop on the chest walls, abdomens, necks, and genital areas.

5.What is Lymphatic Cancer?
Ans. Lymphoma is s cancer that affects the body’s immune system, which fights germs. There are lymph nodes (lymph glands), spleens, thymus glands, and bone marrow in the lymphatic system. All of these areas, as well as other body organs, can be affected by lymphoma.