Tag: Periods

Element Symbols in Chemistry: An Overview

Element names were originally derived from popular locations where they were discovered. The same as the copper taken from Cyprus. Furthermore, specific colours inspired some names. Gold, for example, was named after the English word for yellow.

Element symbols and names are currently approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is worth noting that many symbols are usually the first one or two letters of their English name. In addition, the first letter of a symbol is always capitalised or uppercase.

Furthermore, the second letter can be lowercase. Examples include hydrogen H, aluminium Al, and cobalt Co. Furthermore, some elements’ symbols are created by combining the first letter of their names with a letter that appears later in their names. Two examples are chlorine and zinc.

There are symbols based on Latin, Greek, or German names for elements. For example, the symbol for iron, Fe, is related to the Latin name Ferrum. This also applies to sodium (Na) natrium and potassium (K) kalium. As a result, each element has a distinct name as well as a chemical symbol.

Symbols of elements derived from the first letter
Nitrogen	N
Sulphur	S
Fluorine	F
Phosphorous	P
Iodine	I
Symbols of elements derived from the first two letters
Barium	Ba
Lithium	Li
Beryllium	Be
Neon	Ne
Silicon	Si
Calcium	Ca
Argon	Ar
Nickel	Ni
Symbols of elements derived from the first and third letters
Arsenic	As
Magnesium	Mg
Chlorine	Cl
Chromium	Cr
Manganese	Mn
Zinc	Zn

The table below provides a few symbols of the elements that are derived from their Latin names:

Element	Latin name	Symbol
Gold	Aurum	Au
Copper	Cuprum	Cu
Mercury	Hydrargyrum	Hg
Tin	Stannum	Sn
Lead	Plumbum	Pb
Antinomy	Stibium	Sb

Summary

The atomic symbols can be used to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Because using the elements’ actual names can be time-consuming, a symbol is useful. Symbols are frequently used to represent chemical reactions. The atomic symbols aid in the identification of the constituent elements of a compound, as well as the element’s grouping and time period.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the meaning of atomic mass?

Ans. The number of particles in an atom of an element is measured by its atomic mass. If the relative abundances of the various isotopes are taken into account, it is an average number.

2. How can molecules be identified from atoms?

Ans. Molecules are made up of two or more atoms, while the atoms themselves are the smallest component of an element.

3. What exactly is a covalent bond?

Ans. The interchange of two electrons across atoms produces a covalent bond, which is a chemical interaction.

Introduction

Chemical elements are the fundamental building blocks of chemistry, and everything around us is made up of elements. The periodic table is a tabular display of elements found in chemistry that are arranged by atomic number. A periodic table is an important tool for chemists, material scientists, and nanotechnologists because it provides so much information about the elements that it is easy to predict the physical and chemical properties of the elements. The periodic table demonstrates a fundamental but critical principle that the atomic number is responsible for chemical properties.

The periodic table contains how many elements?

The periodic table contains 118 elements organized in 7 rows and 18 columns. The rows (from left to right) are called ‘periods,’ and the columns (from top to bottom) are called ‘groups.’ All chemical elements have different physical and chemical properties, which change as you move in the periodic table. The arrangement is made so that the elements in the same column have similar properties. Surprisingly, only 94 of these 118 elements exist naturally.

118 Elements Name and Symbols and Atomic Numbers in Chemistry

Name of the Element	Symbol	Atomic Number
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Lithium	Li	3
Beryllium	Be	4
Boron	B	5
Carbon	C	6
Nitrogen	N	7
Oxygen	O	8
Fluorine	F	9
Neon	Ne	10
Sodium	Na	11
Magnesium	Mg	12
Aluminium	Al	13
Silicon	Si	14
Phosphorus	P	15
Sulphur	S	16
Chlorine	Cl	17
Argon	Ar	18
Potassium	K	19
Calcium	Ca	20
Scandium	Sc	21
Titanium	Ti	22
Vanadium	V	23
Chromium	Cr	24
Manganese	Mn	25
Iron	Fe	26
Cobalt	Co	27
Nickel	Ni	28
Copper	Cu	29
Zinc	Zn	30
Gallium	Ga	31
Germanium	Ge	32
Arsenic	As	33
Selenium	Se	34
Bromine	Br	35
Krypton	Kr	36
Rubidium	Rb	37
Strontium	Sr	38
Yttrium	Y	39
Zirconium	Zr	40
Niobium	Nb	41
Molybdenum	Mo	42
Technetium	Tc	43
Ruthenium	Ru	44
Rhodium	Rh	45
Palladium	Pd	46
Silver	Ag	47
Cadmium	Cd	48
Indium	In	49
Tin	Sn	50
Antimony	Sb	51
Tellurium	Te	52
Iodine	I	53
Xenon	Xe	54
Cesium	Cs	55
Barium	Ba	56
Lanthanum	La	57
Cerium	Ce	58
Praseodymium	Pr	59
Neodymium	Nd	60
Promethium	Pm	61
Samarium	Sm	62
Europium	Eu	63
Gadolinium	Gd	64
Terbium	Tb	65
Dysprosium	Dy	66
Holmium	Ho	67
Erbium	Er	68
Thulium	Tm	69
Ytterbium	Yb	70
Lutetium	Lu	71
Hafnium	Hf	72
Tantalum	Ta	73
Tungsten	W	74
Rhenium	Re	75
Osmium	Os	76
Iridium	Ir	77
Platinum	Pt	78
Gold	Au	79
Mercury	Hg	80
Thallium	Tl	81
Lead	Pb	82
Bismuth	Bi	83
Polonium	Po	84
Astatine	At	85
Radon	Rn	86
Francium	Fr	87
Radium	Ra	88
Actinium	Ac	89
Thorium	Th	90
Protactinium	Pa	91
Uranium	U	92
Neptunium	Np	93
Plutonium	Pu	94
Americium	Am	95
Curium	Cm	96
Berkelium	Bk	97
Californium	Cf	98
Einsteinium	Es	99
Fermium	Fm	100
Mendelevium	Md	101
Nobelium	No	102
Lawrencium	Lr	103
Rutherfordium	Rf	104
Dubnium	Db	105
Seaborgium	Sg	106
Bohrium	Bh	107
Hassium	Hs	108
Meitnerium	Mt	109
Darmstadtium	Ds	110
Roentgenium	Rg	111
Copernicium	Cn	112
Nihonium	Nh	113
Flerovium	Fl	114
Moscovium	Mc	115
Livermorium	Lv	116
Tennessine	Ts	117
Oganesson	Og	118

The characteristics of the Periodic table

1. Electronegativity

2. Ionization Energy

3. Electron Affinity

4. Atomic Radius

Summary

To date, mankind has discovered 118 elements. Only 94 of these occur naturally. These elements are represented in the periodic table, which has seven rows and eighteen columns. Columns represent groups, and rows represent periods. All elements are members of similar groups with similar chemical properties. The chemical properties of elements are determined by their atomic number. The number of protons in the atom determines the atomic number. This number also indicates the number of electrons in the atom. The chemical properties of an element are determined by the electrons in the valence cells.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why do elements in the same group share physical and chemical properties?

Ans. The physical and chemical properties of elements depend on the number of valence electrons. Elements present in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. Therefore, elements present in the same group have similar physical and chemical properties.

2. Why are noble gases also called inert gases?

Ans. Noble gases are also known as inert gases because their electron configuration is the most stable. Because the valence shells are completely filled, they cannot lose or gain electrons.

3. Why ionization energy is always positive?

Ans. Electrons in an atom are bounded by forces of attraction from the nucleus. And we know the electron will be attracted to the nucleus due to the charge difference. This means the energy that is provided to take out an electron from its shell. This is why the ionization energy is always positive.