Tag: Apiculture

Introduction

Apiculture is the practice of culturing honey bees on a bigger scale to yield beeswax and honey. It is a scientific approach to rear the bees in man-made hives, raising their numbers and caring for them. Beekeepers or apiarists are those who practice apiculture. Man-made beehives are artificial bee hives. These are made of wooden boxes and contain rows. Bees stay in these hives and fill the rows with wax, honey, etc. The designs of these hives should be such that they will facilitate the healthy growth of bees and honey harvesting.

How honey is collected by honey bees?

Long distances are covered by worker bees as they search for food. Their honey stomachs serve as temporary storage for the nectar they obtain from flowers. When they get to the hive, they regurgitate this nectar and deposit it in honeycombs. The regurgitation is a viscous liquid called honey that has undergone dehydration.

The life cycle of the Honey bee

Honey bees go through four developmental stages. They begin as eggs, grow into larvae, then transition into the pupa stage before reaching adulthood.

• Egg stage- After a drone successfully fertilizes a queen bee,  she lays both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. A queen bee may produce between 2000 and 3000 eggs every day, each of which is contained in a cell. Unfertilized eggs grow into male drones, whereas fertilized eggs become worker bees.
• Larval stage-After three days the eggs hatch into worm-like larvae.  Larvae are without legs, wings, or other appendages. Royal jelly is provided to larvae during the first two to three days, followed by pollen and honey. Only royal jelly is used to feed the queen larva.
• Pupal stage-In this stage the larvae wrap themselves up in a cocoon and enclose themselves in their cells. During the pupal stage, all organs such as the abdomen, head, eyes, thorax, and appendages including wings, legs, and antennae are developed completely.
• Adult stage- Once the larvae develop, they appear like adult bees after they hatch out from the capped cell.

Common varieties of bees

Common honey bee species include-

• Apis dorsata.– As well known as rock bees they are enormous, vicious bees. The raising of rock bees is challenging.
• Apis Florea– Referred to as “little bees” because of their tiny size. They rarely sting, but because they move around a lot, domestication is fairly challenging.
• Apis mellifera– Also known as the western bee or European bee. It is the most domesticated species in the world and stings less frequently.
• Apis indica– Frequently called Asian bees or Indian bees. They originated in Asia and are simple to domesticate to make honey.

Importance of Beekeeping

• The purpose of apiculture is to produce bee products that have a marketable value.
• Honey is the main apicultural product that is obtained. Because of its distinct sweetness, honey is employed extensively in the food sector.
• Additionally, several therapeutic herbs and honey are combined in some traditional medicines.
• The glandular fluid made by honey bees for the construction of the honeycombs in which they store their honey is known as beeswax.
• In the production of soaps, candles, and cosmetics, beeswax is commonly used.
• Another type of glandular fluid produced by worker honey bees, which is used for feeding queen bee larvae is the royal jelly.
• This royal jelly improves collagen synthesis and helps women who are experiencing menopause-related issues.
• Propolis, a resin-like substance made by honey bees, has antiviral and antibacterial properties.
• Bee venom has been shown in several trials to be effective in combating the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• Beekeeping also has environmental benefits as bees are great pollinators and help in fruit formation.

Summary

Apiculture is the scientific process of rearing honey bees in artificial hives to produce bee products such as honey, wax, royal jelly, and propolis for the market. An apiculturist is a person who does apiculture. In addition to providing advantages to business and industry, apiculture supports numerous plant species through pollination.

• The species of bee most frequently raised for the production of honey is Apis mellifera.
• Apiculturists take care of wooden-framed hives where honey bees can breed and grow.

Most apiaries are designed around bee pastures because they make excellent locations for bee foraging. Queen bee, worker bees, and drones are present in every bee colony. Within their colony, they are assigned specific duties. The life cycle of honey bees has four stages. Queen bee lays eggs that completely metamorphose into adult bees. 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How do bees act as pollinators?
The pollen grains from stamens land on the hairy region of the hind legs of the bees while they are collecting nectar. When the honey bees visit another flower they deposit pollen grains there and hence aid in cross-pollination. Honey bees are therefore referred to be pollinators because of this.

2. What are the various types of bees found in a bee hive?
Ans: There are a lot of bees within the bee hive. They can be divided into three primary groups.

• Queen Bee- The only female in the bee hive with the ability to lay eggs is the queen bee. The queen uses pheromone emissions to regulate the entire hive population.
• Drones or male bees- They are the male population of the hive that fights it to mate with the queen bee. After mating, the drone bee dies.
• Worker bees- These bees are female and unable to lay eggs. They are the bee hive’s active population. Worker bees perform a variety of tasks, such as maintaining and cleaning the hive, and feeding larvae and queen bees. They produce honey and gather the nutrients required for the hive population.

3. Who is known as the father of apiculture?
Ans: The father of modern apiology and apiculture is Johann Dzierzon. Most modern beehives derive from his design.

Introduction

The definition of agriculture is frequently misunderstood to mean just the production of crops for food and fiber. Agriculture, however, extends beyond just growing plants, it includes the breeding of livestock for their beneficial products. Since the beginning of time, humans have been raising animals for their own needs. Since humans first domesticated animals some 13,000 years ago, they have developed innovative techniques to increase both the quality and quantity of the things they can produce from animals. 

Types of Animal Husbandry

Dairy Farming

• The practice of raising dairy animals, such as cows, buffalo, goats, and others, for milk production and its subsequent processing to produce products like butter, ghee, cheese, and cream, among other things, is known as dairy farming.
• Native Indian cow and buffalo breeds including the Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Siri, Mahiwal, Surti, and Jaffarabadi, as well as exotic breeds like Jersey, Red Dane, and Holstein Friesian, are frequently bred for their desirable traits.
• When raising cows to extract milk, it is essential to maintain the required standards of health and hygiene.
• Good quality and safe-to-consume products are ensured by the good health and excellent living conditions of the animals.

Learn More about Agriculture. Check out more videos in Science Class 8 Lesson 1. Clear your doubts from the Science experts teacher.

Poultry Farming

• The practice of domesticating and raising birds, such as hens, cocks, ducks, geese, and turkeys, for their meat, eggs, and other products is known as poultry farming.
• Different techniques are used by poultry farmers to raise chickens.
• The most popular method is intensive poultry farming, in which hundreds of birds are frequently raised in tier-by-tier battery cages.
• Farmers are becoming more conscious of the drawbacks of intensive farming, which has led to a rise in the popularity of free-range farming.
• In this style of poultry farming, the birds are given free access to a large area during specific hours of the day.
• Better health and disease resistance are encouraged by this practice.
• In poultry farming, hens are raised primarily for two products: eggs or meat.
• It is advised to provide a healthy, disease-free environment, along with decent, nourishing meals and spacious places.

Pisciculture

• Fish rearing for food is often known as pisciculture or fish farming.
• Typically, fish tanks or other enclosures such as ponds are used to raise the fish.
• The fish are fed artificially and later harvested.
• In composite fish culture, both domestic and foreign varieties are raised in the same pond or enclosure.
• The fish that are selected to be raised together must be able to co-exist.
• The most popular fish species raised for food include trout, carp, salmon, tuna, tilapia, etc.

Apiculture

• Apiculture is the practice of raising bees in colonies in places called apiaries to produce honey and other items like royal jelly, beeswax, etc.
• In addition, bees are also utilized for their pollination services.
• For the colonies to expand, beekeepers frequently employ wooden hives.
• Bee farming is a low-cost, low-labor method of farming.
• Bees can be easily grown without the requirement for any fertile ground.
• However, it is important to make sure the bee farm is situated close to a flower garden with enough pollen and nectar.
• In addition, it is necessary to prevent the use of insecticides near the apiaries.

Advantages of Animal Husbandry

Following are the advantages of animal husbandry in agriculture and human welfare.

• The dairy industry in animal husbandry makes a significant contribution to the global food sector by offering a wide range of goods, including milk and its derivatives like butter, various types of cheese, ghee, cream, etc.
• Dairy farming makes a vital contribution to a nation’s economy. With 186 million tonnes of milk consumed yearly. India is one of the world’s largest milk producers.
• In addition to being raised for their milk, dairy farm animals are also used for their flesh.
• Because of its high protein content and flavor meat is a very popular food item.
• Livestock and poultry raised on the grounds, generally graze there, this helps in suppress weed development.
• The items that are obtained from all the reared animals help in increasing the nation’s economy as they are exported to various foreign countries.
• All these animal-rearing activities have generated employment options in rural areas. 
• It has increased food security and provided money to rural impoverished people.
• Utilizing animal waste as manure on farmland is one example of how sustainable practices to aid in the efficient management of waste. It encourages effective nutrient cycling.
• Moreover, manure can be used in fish meals.
• Manure and cow dung are valuable sources of fuel.
• Additionally, animal husbandry is managed to produce fibers that are crucial to the textile industry.

Summary

• The process of raising livestock to exploit their products is known as animal husbandry.
• Dairy farming, poultry farming, fish farming, and bee farming are the four main subfields of animal husbandry.
• Animal husbandry procedures must assure a safe, secure, and healthy environment for the animals’ well-being, which will in turn yield high-quality goods.
• Animal husbandry produces a number of significant goods that are essential to our daily life.
• Additionally, animal husbandry creates job opportunities.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Differentiate between layers and broiler.
Ans: 

Layers	Broilers
These are chickens that are raised for egg production.	These are chickens that are raised for meat production.
They need protein in less quantity in their  diet.	They require a protein-rich diet.
They need proper spacing and lighting.	They do not need much spacing and lighting.

2. Enlist types of Honey bees used in apiculture.
Ans: Honey bees reared for apiculture are-

• Apis dorsata or The Rock Bee
• Apis cerana indica or The Indian hive Bee
• Apis mellifera or The European Bee
• Apis florea or The Little Bee.

3. Which state of India produces the maximum number of fish under pisciculture?
Ans: Andhra Pradesh is the highest fish-producing state in India. It produces around 34.50 lakh tonnes of fish per year.