Category: English

Introduction

The renowned poem “Fire and Ice,” written by American poet Robert Lee Frost, depicts human passion. The poet equates the destructive forces of fire and ice, suggesting that these two elements may be responsible for the end of the planet on occasion. The poem is relatively straightforward, but its meaning runs deep.

The poet’s skill makes the reader question the poem’s more profound meaning. The poet suggests that desire and hate, represented by fire and ice, may one day lead to the world’s end. Despite initial satisfaction, the yearning for more is ingrained in the human condition. And the same holds for hatred. The poet employs a symbolic reading of these two elements to demonstrate how specific actions can bring about the world’s end.

Summary of the poem 

Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice” is a timely poem with profound relevance in today’s society. The poem opens belligerently as if the world’s end will come about due to fire or ice.

Fire and ice

In this metaphor, fire represents desire and is seen as the first possible path to destruction. The speaker knows that desire can cause a lot of damage, so they warn against it indirectly. So, humanity might destroy the planet out of sheer enthusiasm, fury, violence, avarice, and bloodlust.

This passage from the poem, “But if it had to perish twice,” gives us an unambiguous impression that the devastation might occur twice. The poet chooses ice as his instrument of self-destruction this time.

In the same way, fire can travel quickly through a community, and so can hate, which is a frigid emotion. Ice represents the cold, complex, and unyielding side of human nature.

The end of the world can be brought about by the self-destruction of humanity when either of these extreme emotions, fire or ice, is allowed to take over.

We learn from the poem that we need to reign in our feelings. When people are consumed by their desires and hatred, they are unable to consider the feelings of others.

For a peaceful and joyful world, it is the responsibility of every person to master their feelings and avoid using them as harmful tools. This factor can make living difficult and contribute to the global disorder we see today.

About the poet

Robert Lee Frost was an American poet who wrote about regular people in ordinary situations.

Some of Robert Frost’s most well-known works include: “The Gift Outright,” “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” “Birches,” “Mending Wall,” “The Road Not Taken,” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay.”

Robert Frost

Conclusion

The poem “Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost speaks to our current global climate. The poet claims that the downfall of the planet may be attributed to two emotions: want and hate. The poem likens these two extremes of human feeling to fire and ice, each of which can be used destructively if not managed.

Thinking About the Poem – Textbook Question Answer

1. Several scenarios for the “end of the world” have been proposed. When do you anticipate the end of the world to place, if at all? Have you ever imagine what would happen if the sun either grew so cold that it froze solid or so hot that it exploded?

Ans:I think it will fade out at some point. No one can predict how or when that day will come. To be honest, I have given it some consideration. A blazing sun will have worldwide repercussions and might even trigger global warming. In the event that the temperature fell, all life would perish. But if the sun ever got hot or cooled down, the earth would be in shambles.

2. For Frost, what do “fire” and “ice” stand for ? Here are some ideas: Greed, avarice, cruelty, list, conflict, fury, intolerance, rigidity, insensitivity, coldness, indifference, hatred. 

Ans: Frost equates them to very distinct concepts. Here are several examples: As a metaphor, fire represents greed, ardour, hostility, and fury. A representation of anger, hardness, intolerance, rigidity, and insensitivity, “ice” can take in many forms.

3. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem ? How does it help in bringing out the contrasting ideas in the poem ?

Ans: The rhyme scheme of the poem is : a, b, aa ; b, c, b, c, b.

By dividing them, it aids in highlighting the opposing ideas. “Fire and Ice” are represented by various notions. In both stanzas, they are given a different rhyme system.

Fire and Ice Class 10 Extra Questions

1. How does the speaker use figurative language to emphasize their point?

Ans: To put it simply, figurative language is a mode of expression that avoids the literal interpretation of words. Figurative language, most often found in the use of parallels and exaggerations, is employed to add artistic flair to a piece of writing or speech, or to simplify a complex concept.

2. What is the significance of the title “Fire and Ice”?

Ans: Fire in this poem represents desire, while ice represents hatred. There is indeed a belief in the Bible that the world will end in fire, but there is also a belief, written by scientists, that the world will end in ice, due to hate. 

3. “I’ve experienced desire/I hold with those who favor fire”, the poet writes. Why does he say that?

Ans: The poet is aware of the fervour of desires and passions in love. He is well aware  that our unbridled passions, rage, and desires eventually lead to our demise. He also agrees with others who think that the real reason for the end of the world is “fire,” which is a metaphor for unrestrained passions and wants.

Introduction

Robert Frost penned a little poem named “Dust of Snow” that is both beautiful and profound. This illuminating poem describes how the lens through which we view the world has a profound effect on our ideas and actions. By appreciating the mundane, we may overcome the stresses of daily life. In the end, this will aid us in living a happy and healthy life.

Summary

The power of nature and the simple things in life is emphasised in a poem by Robert Frost. Whether you’re feeling down or sick, nature has a remedy. As the author was standing under a hemlock tree on one of these terrible days, a crow flew up and dusted him with snow. When it starts snowing, he immediately feels better. The events of the day take a turn for the better. With the overall magnificence of nature, he saw how little his problem really was. Hemlock trees, which are toxic, and crows, symbols of terror and gloom, play the role of bringing the narrator joy in the poem.

The poet has used them to symbolise how entities typically linked with tragedy may occasionally bring about positive transformation and joy. Being in nature, with all its inherent unpredictability, has positive effects on people of various ages, backgrounds, and locations.

About the author

Poet Robert Frost, who lived from 1874 until his death in 1963 and won four “Pulitzer Prizes,” was an American. Throughout his lifetime, he became one of the most widely recognised names in American literature.

Robert Frost

Conclusion

Through the poem, the poet conveys a simple message that change can occur both positively and negatively. Little things can have a significant impact on one’s life. A small act of kindness can energize other people and potentially make a significant difference in their lives. We should make the most of nature and maintain a happy outlook on even the simplest of actions since they can help us acquire more important lessons about how to appreciate life.

 

Thinking about the poem (Textbook Questions)

1. What is a “dust of snow”? What does the poet say has changed his mood? How has the poet’s mood changed?

Ans: The term “dust of snow” refers to tiny snowflakes or particles. The poet’s mood shifted as a result of the sudden snow dust shower. The poet went from being depressed to being joyful. He wanted to enjoy the rest of the day because he felt rejuvenated.

2. How does Frost present nature in this poem? The following questions may help you to think of an answer.

(a) What are the birds that are usually named in poems? Do you think a crow is often mentioned in poems? What images come to your mind when you think of a crow?

Poems frequently include the names of birds like the “sparrow”, “nightingale”, and “peacock”. “Crows”, in contrast to these birds, are frequently considered indicators of  dread and terror. They are frequently mentioned negatively.

(b) Again, what is “a hemlock tree”? Why doesn’t the poet write about a more ‘beautiful’ tree such as maple, an oak, or a pine?

Because they are too old, trees are sometimes viewed as great beings that teach “wisdom”. They emit oxygen and take in carbon dioxide, both of which are related to taking in all the negative energy. But other trees, like the “hemlock tree”, are also poisonous. Because he wishes to convey a depressing image, the poet chooses not to include a more “pretty” tree like a “maple, oak, or pine”. He uses the term “hemlock tree” since it is harmful because it is poisonous.

(c) What do the ‘crow’ and ‘hemlock’ represent — joy or sorrow? What does the dust of snow that the crow shakes off a hemlock tree stand for?

The poet’s feelings of sadness and unhappiness in this materialistic society are represented by the “crow” and “hemlock tree”. Snow dust is a metaphor for the joy and vitality found in nature. The crow’s motion as it sweeps snow off a hemlock tree symbolizes the transition from dark and sad moments into a happy and cheerful future.

3. Have there been times when you felt depressed or hopeless? Have you experienced a similar moment that changed your mood that day

I’ve experienced feelings of hopelessness and depression countless times. I occasionally become angry owing to the selfishness of others and occasionally because of my behavior. Throughout the time of lockdown. I chose painting as a pastime. I feel better after watching the paintings telling their own story. It assisted me in lowering my tension and rage.

Dust of Snow Important Extra Questions

1. Where does the poem Dust of Snow include irony?

The “crow”, the dust, and the “hemlock tree” are all symbolic of a “bad omen” in the poem. We, therefore, believe that a negative event will occur. However, they provide the poet with relief, which is the absolute opposite. This is the irony in the poem.

2. What does the poem’s snow shower symbolize?

The snowfall that the poet experiences are an allusion to the insignificant things that have the potential to affect and improve a person’s attitude. The poet felt gloomy and depressed. He was instantly lifted out of his gloom by the snowflakes falling on him. He was happy and thankful to be alive on such a lovely day.

3. What does ice represent?

In contrast to the “fresh and living water” of the spring of Paradise, it represents “rigidity, frigidity, and the waters of the earth”. It is a harsh, unloving place that is unfavorable to human life in general.

4. How does the attitude of the poet change?

The poet’s attitude transformed from sorrow to joy. When this snowflake dust landed on him, it brightened his day while he was holding the day in regret.

Introduction 

Ruskin Bond hilariously outlines the challenges of tending to a pet monkey in the chapter”The Adventures of Toto.” In this story, the narrator’s grandfather purchased a monkey to raise as a pet. He gave a tonga driver five rupees for this and bought him a home. It turned out the monkey was very mischievous and caused a lot of problems in the house and zoo also. Thus, grandpa decided to sell back the monkey to the tonga driver.

Summary

The author’s grandfather loved collecting animals and had a zoo at home. A monkey named Toto was once purchased by him from a tonga driver for five rupees. Toto was a cute young monkey with bright eyes who was naturally very mischievous. His lengthy tail functioned as his third hand, and he possessed pearly-white teeth. Toto was kept a secret because grandma hated animals. Toto was very mischievous. When the author and his grandfather tied Toto to a hook and hid him in a closet, Toto  snapped the hook and ran here and there. When he was kept with other animals or other people in the servants’ chamber he wouldn’t let any of them sleep at night.

When Grandfather had to travel to Saharanpur for work, he made the decision to bring the monkey along. Toto was taken to Saharanpur in a canvas bag. To prevent Toto from escaping, grandfather secured the canvas bag’s zip. Toto tried numerous times to get out of the bag but could not. At the train station, the other travelers were fascinated by this. At the Saharanpur train station, Toto popped his head out of the bag and giggled at the ticket inspector as he checked over grandfather’s ticket. To grandfather’s dismay, the ticket collector said that it was a dog, thus he was compelled to buy a ticket for 3 rupees for Toto.

After being allowed by grandma, Toto was given a spot next to Nana the donkey.

Toto and Nana did not get along well. Toto’s favorite pastime was taking a hot bath.

He once almost killed himself when he stepped into a kettle of boiling water. One day, Toto ate pulao as part of the family lunch. He tossed the empty dish from the tree, breaking it into several pieces. Thus, grandfather came to the conclusion that they could not have Toto in the house as his bad behavior worsened day by day. At last, he returned to the tonga driver and sold Toto for three rupees.

About the Author 

British-born author Ruskin Bond is an Indian. He lives with his adopted family in “Landour,” Mussoorie, India. He is an Indian author of British ancestry. In India, he is considered a major novelist, children’s book writer, and literary icon. He wrote numerous children’s novels with inspirational themes, and the “Sahitya Akademi Award” was given to him in recognition of his literary accomplishments.

Conclusion 

The necessity of acting appropriately in a friendly place is the most important lesson to be learned from the tale “Adventures of Toto.”Toto flung plates at Grandma and her friends, irritated other animals’ servants, and also brought havoc in the house. Thus, grandpa was compelled to return Toto to his rightful owner. Every other animal and bird in Grandfather’s personal zoo was upset by Toto.

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Textbook Questions

1. How does Toto come to their grandfather’s private zoo?

Ans: The author’s grandfather loved collecting animals and built a zoo within his home. He once saw a tonga driver holding a red-colored monkey captive and He was drawn to the monkey and wanted to add it to his collection. He bought Toto from the tonga driver for five rupees and in this way Toto got an entry in grandpa’s private zoo.

2. “Toto was a pretty monkey.” In what sense is Toto pretty?

Ans: The author thought Toto was attractive, as His eyes had a mischievous twinkle to them. His teeth were white as snow. He had a long tail, which acted as his third hand. According to the author’s grandfather, an animal’s tail adds to its charm. As a result, Toto was thought as a beautiful creature.

3. Why does grandfather take Toto to Saharanpur and how? Why does the ticket collector insist on calling Toto a dog?

Ans: Toto was a mischievous monkey. He continued to upset every other animal in his grandfather’s personal zoo. It appeared that only his grandpa could control him effectively. So, in a bag, he carried Toto to Saharanpur. Toto was referred to as a dog by the ticket seller because the monkey did not fit the definition of a human.

4. How does Toto take a bath? Where has he learned to do this? How does Toto almost boil himself alive?

Ans: Toto cautiously dipped his hand into the water to check its warmth. He moved slowly, first putting one foot in front of the other, until his neck was submerged in the water. He covered his entire body with the soap. He learned it all from the author. One day, Toto walked into a large kitchen where the kettle was boiling. He was enjoying the nice water, but jumped up and down when it suddenly grew hotter. Grandma came and rescued Toto from the boiling water.

5. Why does the author say, “Toto was not the sort of pet we could keep for long”?

Ans: Toto, according to the author, was a highly mischievous pet that they couldn’t retain for very long. He tore the drapes, the clothes, and the wallpaper. Moreover, he broke dishes and disturbed all the other animals in the zoo. Thus, the family decided to get rid of Toto because they could not afford all of this.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who was a Toto?
Ans: The narrator’s grandfather purchased Toto, a young monkey, for five rupees from a tonga-driver. Toto was a charming monkey with sparkling eyes that twinkle with mischief.

2. How was Toto hidden away?
Ans: Grandmother did not agree with any additions to the grandfather’s current pet collection. Thus, Toto’s existence was kept a secret from her. As a result, Toto was bound to a peg fixed to the wall and kept in a closet that opened into the narrator’s bedroom wall.

3. How did Toto harm Nana the donkey?
Ans: The household donkey was named Nana. Toto and Nana were kept in the stable together, where they frequently squabbled. Toto would mock Nana by biting on his long ears with sharp teeth. Even Nana could no longer tolerate Toto.

Introduction

Mulk Raj Anand is the author of the tale “The Lost Child.” He intended for this tale to emphasize the value of parents in a child’s life. Kids can believe that their parents are harsh or reprimand them unnecessarily but they care for their child dearly. The protagonist of the tale is a little child who accompanied his parents to a local fair. His father consistently declined his requests to buy him the toys he wanted and did not allow him to go anywhere alone. Unfortunately, the boy got lost in the fair and understood the importance of his parents in his life.

Summary

The narrative centers on a little boy who went to a fair with his parents. He was attending the spring festival. The fair was attended by the entire village. Some came on horses, some people were driving bullock carts while others were driving bamboo carts. The kid noticed a toy store by the roadside just as he entered the fair. Despite being aware that he couldn’t take them, he begged his parents to let him have the toy. His father turned down his request and his mother diverted his attention by pointing out the lovely mustard fields.The little boy tried to grab one of those bright insects, but when his mother called him to the sidewalk, he rushed joyously in their direction. He was circling the banyan tree, but again when his parents yelled, he made his way toward them.

The young child then went after his parents and found a sweet shop. The shop sold a variety of sweets, including laddus, barfi, and gulab jamun. The kid wanted the Barfi because it was his favorite, but he knew he wouldn’t get it, so he walked away from the store. After traveling a short distance, the boy discovered a vendor selling Gulmohar garlands.The kid ran towards the vendor but stopped himself when he saw his parents’ expressions.

He then followed his parents inside the fair where he observed a man standing with red, yellow, green, and purple balloons, he wanted to buy them, but his parents once again stopped him. He also noticed the snake charmer and wanted to watch more of the play, but his parents forbade him from hearing the music, so he left again with his parents. He then noticed a roundabout where people were having fun on a swing, thus, the boy boldly demanded that he wanted to ride the swing and asked his parents to allow him to ride the roundabout. His parents did not respond to this demand, and thus he realized that they were not present. He began searching around but was unable to find them.

The young child became terrified and began to rush while searching for his parents. When he saw no sign of them, he began to sob. He was constantly finding for his parents throughout the fair. He visited a shrine where there was a large crowd, and the temple’s entrance was packed. He was continuously crying there also. The weeping toddler kept begging for his mother. A man in the crowd heard his cry and lifted him. This man led the kid to the swing and asked him if he wanted to ride in order to calm him down. The child kept crying and stated he wanted his parents. The boy continued to cry as the guy took him to a balloon store, a sweet shop, a toy shop, and all the fun places in the fair. He only and only wanted his parents and thus kept on crying.

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The Lost Child About The Author

Mulk Raj Anand was a highly educated Indian writer, born in Peshawar to a family of coppersmiths. He produced a remarkable body of work that includes several short stories, novels, and essays, and was one of the first Indian writers to write in English and gain popularity at an international scale. After graduating with honors from Punjab University, Anand went to University College, London, where he worked at a restaurant to finance his education. He later earned a PhD from Cambridge University, during which time he became involved in India’s struggle for independence. Anand’s works often highlighted social and political issues in India, and were known for their empathetic portrayal of marginalized communities. “The Lost Child,” one of his most famous short stories, is a poignant reflection on the fleeting nature of worldly pleasures.

Quick Bio

Name	Mulk Raj Anand
Birthdate	December 12, 1905
Place of Birth	Peshawar, British India (now in Pakistan)
Death Date	September 28, 2004
Occupation	Novelist, essayist, and critic
Notable Works	“Untouchable”, “Coolie”, “Two Leaves and a Bud”, “The Village”, “The Sword and the Sickle”
Literary Movement	Indian English literature, Progressive Writers’ Movement
Education	University of London (PhD in philosophy)
Awards and Honors	Padma Bhushan (1967), Sahitya Akademi Award (1952)
Influences	Charles Dickens, Rabindranath Tagore
Important themes in his writing	Social inequality, caste system, poverty, colonialism, education, and empathy for the marginalized
Significance	One of the pioneers of Indian English literature and a prominent voice in the Indian independence movement. His works helped raise awareness about the issues faced by the lower castes and the working class in India.

Conclusion

In this tale, the young boy wanted to buy everything he saw when he was with his parents. But once he got separated from his parents he lost interest in all those things. The boy refused the man when he tried to comfort him while, by giving him toys, sweets, taking him on a ride, etc. He did not want all these things but only desired his mother and father. From this story, we can understand that the most important part of a child’s life is his parents and they should be respected and valued because without our parents we would definitely be lost.

TextBook Questions and Answers:

Q.1 What are the things the child sees on his way to the fair? Why does he lag?

Ans: The child sees toys, balloons, a sweet shop, a snake charmer, and swings at the fair.
The young child lags behind because he was so fascinated by the scenery that he ran to every store and wanted to buy everything.

Q.2 In the fair he wants many things. What are they? Why does he move on without waiting for an answer?

Ans: He wanted toys, balloons, sweets, and a swing ride at the fair.
He left without waiting for his parents to respond because he noticed their expressions and knew they would not give him what he wants.

Q.3 When does he realize that he has lost his way? How have his anxiety and insecurity been described?

Answer: Near the swing at the roundabout, when he didn’t hear his parents’ response, he turned around and found that he was all alone and by himself.He was panicking, he was crying and calling his father and mother.

Q.4 Why does the lost child lose interest in the things that he had wanted earlier?

Ans: The child lost interest in the things he had previously desired because he was lost and only wanted his mother and father.

Q.5 What do you think happens in the end? Does the child find his parents?

Ans: Yes, I believe that man helped the boy in the end to find his parents.

The Lost Child Class 9 Extra Questions and Answers

1. Who came to the lost child’s aid?

Ans: The man in the shrine found the kid. He tried to calm him by lifting him in his arms.
He offered to purchase him flowers, balloons, and sheets as he led him to the closest roundabout swing.

2. What does “The Lost Child” stand for?

Ans: The lost infant represents all of humanity’s desire for worldly goods. People take for granted the valuable blessings in life that are provided for free. One only understands its actual worth when one loses these precious gifts.

3. What is the irony of the tale The Lost Child?

Ans: The irony of the tale “The Lost Child” is that the child was upset by his parents’ refusal to let him purchase whatever he wanted at the local fair. But when he was separated from his parents he only wanted his mother and father back.

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Introduction

The poem “The Duck and Kangaroo” depicts a sincere friendship between a Duck and a Kangaroo and is highly positive and joyful. The Duck initially suggested to the Kangaroo that he wants go on an overseas trip since he was getting bored of being in the nasty pond. The Kangaroo initially shows little interest in the Duck’s proposition, but when the latter offers his kind suggestions for how they can travel without hurting his Kangaroo friend, the latter is delighted and nearly travels  the entire World three times with the duck.

Summary

n the first stanza- the Duck compliments his companion Kangaroo on his extraordinary capacity for hopping and jumping over fields and water. She admitted that she was getting really bored while living in a pretty awful pond. The Duck informed the Kangaroo that she would like to travel the globe with him. The Duck asked the Kangaroo if she may sit on his back and look over the entire world. Moreover, she said while traveling, she would merely make a quacking noise and not bother him. The Duck made explicit note of two locations she wants to visit: Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee, as well as seas and countries.

Duck’s suggestion to Kangaroo didn’t appear to go well with the kangaroo.He bluntly told Duck that the duck’s feet  are wet and cold, thus this would harm the kangaroo as he can fall sick and cause him body pain. Thus he has to rethink about this trip. After some thoughtful time on a nearby rock, the duck responded to the kangaroo in a nice manner. She claimed to have discovered a remedy for this issue. She would prepare four pairs of wool socks that the duck could put on to prevent  his cold and wet feet to touch the kangaroo. Also, she would put a warm cloak and smoke a cigar every day to protect his dearest friend-kangaroo. 

Kangaroo decided to accompany Duck after carefully considering Duck’s proposal. Kangaroo was happy and convinced by this idea for his friend. The Duck sat on the tail of the kangaroo and they both traveled around the world three times. 

About the Poet

In a small town called Highgate, close to London, Edward Lear was born on “May 12th” 1812. In San Remo, Italy, on January 29, 1888, he passed away. He was well-known for painting English landscapes and for creating creative nonsense verse. His so-called “nonsense poems,” featured some extraordinary creatures in his mystical and nonsensical phrases and indicate an acute and fundamental sense of solitude.

Conclusion

It is a humorous poem in the “Nonsense Verse” style that celebrates joy and laughter. The poem is five stanzas long and is about a duck that is bored staying in a puddle. The desire of the duck is to leave its nasty surroundings and travel the globe like a kangaroo.Thus, he pleaded the kangaroo  politely to take him on a trip by sitting on his back. The kangaroo expressed his concern that the ducks feet are wet, cold and this might cause a problem to the kangaroo as he might fall sick or have body pain. The duck changed his perspective and came up with a solution. She told that she will wear a pair of woolen socks that will prevent from the kangaroo falling ill or having body pain. Thus they both were happy and went on their trip around the world thrice.

TextBook Questions

 1.How did the duck express her wish to the Kangaroo?

Ans: She was quite polite when she spoke to him. She asked for a ride so that she might also take pleasure in life. She makes a commitment to cover her wet feet and smoke a cigar each day in order to prevent cold.

2. What request did the duck make to the Kangaroo? Why was it so?

Ans: The Duck was growing bored being in a dirty pond, so he asked the kangaroo to take him on a ride to two places named Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee.

3. How did the Duck try to convince the Kangaroo?

Ans: At first, the Kangaroo was reluctant to bring Duck along. However, the Duck was able to persuade the Kangaroo by promising to deliver a pair of wool socks that would readily fit into the ducks webbed feet. In addition, the duck promised to purchase a blanket so that he could shield himself from the chilly weather. Besides the duck also said that he will have a cigar everyday to keep warm.

4. How did the Kangaroo react to the duck’s proposal for a ride?

Ans:- The Kangaroo was eager to show the duck around after being really pleased with the proposal. But, the kangaroo stated he would have to give this request some thought. He objected at first but then agreed to her request. He reasoned that it might be lucky for him, thus,he agreed to let her ride on his back and they travelled the world.

5. What objection did the Kangaroo put before the Duck?

Ans: The Kangaroo accepted the Duck’s request. He was willing to give her a ride on his back. He voiced one disapproval though her feet were “uncomfortably cold and wet.” His joints can experience some pain due to the cold and wetness.

Extra Questions 

1. What is the poem The Duck and the Kangaroo’s message?
Ans: Life is meant to be enjoyed, according to the poem The Duck and the Kangaroo.

The duck is sick of being confined to a tiny pond.

He therefore longs to leave the cramped area and go on an adventure with the kangaroo.

2. Is The Duck and the Kangaroo a nonsense verse?
Ans: “The Duck and the Kangaroo” is a nonsense poem by Edward Lear.t debuted in Lear’s collection Nonsense Songs from 1870. The poem portrays a conversation between a duck trapped in a pond and the kangaroo who symbolises the duck’s best opportunity for release.

3.What made the duck describe the pond as “nasty”?
Ans.The Duck referred to the pond as “nasty” since it lacked both charm and life.

It made the Duck’s life boring and without excitement.

Introduction

The poet Coates Kinney attempted to capture nature’s calming and soothing aspect in the poem “Rain on the roof” He was fond of nature and has always written profoundly about nature. To illustrate the poem’s true meaning, he has used literary elements like personification and alliteration. This poem starts with a rainy day when the poet starts recalling the past days after the rain. He begins to remember the instances and phases of his childhood when things were easy and simpler. In this poetry, the rain comforts the poet. He thinks back fondly on his happy childhood and all the wonderful times that he enjoyed. His heart is filled with passionate music as the rain fell, and he thought fondly of his mother. He associated the rain with his mother’s love and affection, which is why it always made him happy. The poet misses his mother, who isn’t with him right now and recalls the feeling of being at home. He feels the hurt, clings to the pillow, and drifts off to sleep recalling his past. The pain he experienced throughout his life is described in the poem.

Summary

This poem expresses the poet’s feelings toward rain. The poem’s opening line describes the clouds that cause rain. Humid, black, and loaded with water, the clouds are on the verge of bursting. Like a blanket, clouds have covered the entire city. The clouds have covered the stars, making the sky appear gloomy while the rain represents the clouds’ weeping. The poet’s mood was depressed as a result of the weather, and the only thing that makes him happy is to lie in his bed, hear the raindrops tinkling and remember his joyful past. The poet is feeling lucky to be home.

In the second stanza of this poem, the poet hears the sound of rain on the roof which is resonating in his heart. He recalls his childhood when he hears the music. The poet is trying to see fresh dreams while still thinking back on his past memories. He portrays his view as a dreamy fantasy in the second stanza. He is seeing his childhood memories and forming a beautiful picture. He also recalls the beautiful memories of his ceased mother and feels both happiness and grief.

The poet is recalling his mother’s lovely memories in the third stanza. He recalls his mother’s warm embrace as he listens to the rain’s glittering. He can still feel her love for him and his siblings. He was warmed by the nice memories, but he was also filled with regret because his mother had passed away a few years earlier. The poet is making a connection between the sound of rain and feeling her mother’s love. The author is reflecting on his own childhood days which were the “golden years” of his life. Even though his mother was no longer alive, whenever he heard the rain, he went back and thought of those happy moments and simply lies on his bed, cuddles his pillow, and drifts off to sleep.

Conclusion

The poem is about the poet’s calming and joyous recollection that emerges after a rainfall. The poet is making a connection between the rain and his childhood memories.

He is remembering the good old days when he was a child and had his mother by his side. He gets emotional as he thinks of his mother. He recalls the affection and embraces she used to shower on him and his siblings.

Question

1. What do the following phrases:-Humid Shadows, Stary spheres, What a Bliss, A thousand dreamy fancies into busy being the start, A thousand recollections weave their air threads into woof mean?

Ans: The given phrases mean-

• Humid shadows-It refers to the dark clouds that bring rain
• Stary spheres- This refers to a star-filled sky.
• What a Bliss- The poet fills the blissfulness when it rains.

• A thousand dreamy fancies into busy being the start- It alludes to the poet’s many thoughts that he is imagining.
• A thousand recollections weave their air threads into woof-It stands for various loving memories that the poet has reconciled.

2. What does the poet like to do when it rains?

Ans: The poet enjoys lying on his pillow in bed during the rainfall and remembering happy childhood moments.

He makes an effort to recall his mother’s warm embrace and the loving golden years.

3. What is the single major memory that comes to the poet’s mind? Who are the “darling dreamers” he refers to?

Ans: The one single memory that the poet can recall is of his mother’s unconditional love. The poet’s siblings are referred to as darling dreamers.

4. Is the poet now a child? Is his mother still alive?

Ans: The poet isn’t a child, and his mother is not alive

5. When you were a young child, did your mother tuck you in, as the poet’s mother did?

Ans: Yes, my mother used to tuck me in at night when it rained.

6. Do you like rain? What do you do when it rains steadily or heavily as described in the poem?

Ans: Yes, I enjoy the rain. Usually, I notice the rain and experience the chilly breeze. I also enjoy listening to the sound of the rain when I sleep.

7. Does everybody have a cozy bed to lie in when it rains? Look around you and describe how different kinds of people or animals spend time, seek shelter, etc. during rain.

Ans: Not everyone has access to a warm bed during rain. Not everyone can afford the convenience of sleeping in a comfortable bed while it rains. Because their homes can flood, some people are terrified of the rain. Animals are likewise afraid of the rain and seek shelter.

Rain on the Roof Extra Questions

1. What does the roof symbolize?
Ans: We are referring to a metaphorical roof. It serves as the mental roof we place over our heads to protect us from potentially harmful things. Each of us has one of these “roofs,” while some have stronger ones than others.

2. What figure of speech is represented in the roof’s rain?
Ans: In the poem “Rain on the Roof,” the principal figures of speech include personification, hyperbole, alliteration, and visual imagery.

3. What is onomatopoeia in the poem rain on the roof?
Ans: The use of sound words to create a dramatic effect and auditory imagery is known as onomatopoeia. The employment of sound words such as “patter.” which represents the sound of raindrops hitting the roof’s surface is an example of onomatopoeia.

Introduction

No Men are Foreign is a poem by “English Poet,” “James Harold Kirkup,” with a strong viewpoint. The poet wants to convince people that all people are the same and share a common home- the Earth. People shouldn’t be discriminated against because they all breathe the same air, receive the same amount of sunlight, and go through the same processes of birth and death. No Men are Foreign is the poem’s main concept, which is reflected in the title. The poet’s conviction that “all men are the same” is emphasized in the title.

No Men Are Foreign Poem Summary

“Remember no men are strange, no countries foreign”, is the opening and closing phrase of the poem- “No Men are Foreign.” The poet wants to emphasize how similar all living things in this world are despite the differences we have created through building walls, and fences, usage of foreign languages, etc. He longs for humanity to come together despite all the arbitrary divisions between people. Any time there is a war or a winter, everyone suffers. God gave us a happy life, but it is human nature that causes our miseries and brings sorrow.

The poet continues further by stating that our physical and mental features are all the same. He does a wonderful job of illustrating how humans are not inherently different from one another. He tells the reader that when we hate someone, we lie and hate ourselves too. In addition, when we use weapons against someone, we pollute the Earth by leaving behind huge piles of decomposing carcasses, which make the earth filthy. The poem conveys the idea that everyone is born with red blood, regardless of wealth or race. We are all children of mother nature.

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Theme of the Poem No Men Are Foreign

The central idea of no men are foreign revolves around the brotherhood of all humankind. The poet emphasizes that our divisions and distinctions are constructed by humans. James Kirkup portrays the shared qualities of humanity throughout the poem and implores individuals to relinquish their arms and extend an inclusive embrace, fostering a world of harmony and affection without animosity or prejudice.

Conclusion

The poet compared the physical similarity between people who live in different parts of the world to show that all people are created equal. He wants to instill the value of fraternity in everyone. The author of this poem wants to show us how people are similar to one another, how they have similar lives, and how they eventually die in similar ways. No matter your caste or creed, nature offers its best to everyone equally.

TextBook Questions

1. Beneath all uniforms…” What uniforms do you think the poet is speaking about?

Ans: The poet talks about the various clothes that people in other countries wear, and how, underlying them all, the human body is the same.

2. In stanza 1, find five ways in which we all are alike. Pick out the words.

Ans: The 5 words that depict  all men are same are:

1. “We walk”
2. “We breathe”
3. “We have eyes”
4. “We work with our hands”

3. How many common features can you find in stanza 2? Pick out the words.

Ans: The stanzas list some common traits such as  “Sun, Air, Water, hands and Peaceful harvests necessary for human sustenance.

4.“… whenever we are told to hate our brothers….” When do you think this happens? Why? Who ‘tells’ us? Should we do as we are told at such times? What does the poet say?

Ans: Egocentric people occasionally persuade innocent people to injure others in order to benefit themselves. The common man instructs them to instigate riots because he is irritated by his own fellow beings’ manipulations and cannot understand them properly. The poet cautions against the following advice without giving it careful consideration. A common claim made by the poet is that there is no difference between men and strangers and that everyone on Earth is the same.

5. How does the poet suggest that all people on earth are the same?

Ans: Nobody is unusual or unique, the poet asserts. No country is foreign. Every uniform has a body breathing below it. The land is uniform throughout as well.

No Men Are Foreign Extra Question

1. Is no men are foreign a war poem?

Ans: No men are foreign is a poem that opposes war because it explains why it is unacceptable to treat people differently based on their caste, creed, race, or religion. Everyone shares a brotherhood and is on an equal footing. The message of this poem is that killing others is useless.

2. What is the poet hoping we never forget?

Ans: “Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.” This line appears often in the poem. The poet wants us to remember that no men in this world are different, thus the poet emphasizes the notion of global fraternity

3. Does the poem No Men Are Foreign have a rhyme scheme?

Ans: The entire poem is composed in free verse. The poem lacks a Rhyme scheme.

4. what are the poetic devices in no men foreign class 9

The poem “No Men are Foreign” by James Kirkup uses several poetic devices, including repetition, metaphor, alliteration, personification, and imagery. The repetition of the phrase “No men are foreign” emphasizes the theme of unity and equality among all people.

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Introduction

O.Henry was the author of “The last leaf.” It tells the tale of a young girl who has pneumonia. Her name is Johnsy. All of Johnsy’s medications had ceased working on her because she had lost the desire to live. According to the doctors, she can only be healed if she is willing to live. Behrman resided in the same building and was an experienced painter. He was aiming to fulfill a lifetime ambition to create a painting that appeared to be real. He made an effort to assist Johnsy after learning about her situation.

Summary

“The Last Leaf” is a short story by O. Henry about two young artists, Johnsy and Sue, living together in a Greenwich Village apartment. It is a tale of inspiration and sincere dedication. Johnsy is the story’s main protagonist. She is a young girl who has pneumonia and is suffering severely. She no longer has the desire to live, and thus, the medications stopped curing her. Sue was informed by the doctor that only her willingness to live could rescue her. Sue shared the same with Behrman, a painter who lived next door.

Johnsy once saw an ivy plant through the window as she was resting in bed. It was progressively losing all of its leaves. Johnsy saw the state of the tree and predicted that she would pass away the day the last leaf fell from the tree. The plant had nothing to do with her sickness still Johnsy decided to say that.

Because Sue was so concerned about Johnsy’s choice, she got in touch with Behrman and told him about Johnsy’s decision. Behram closed the window after seeing the plant from Johnsy’s room. That entire day it rained too much along with the storm, and she sensed that the ivy plant’s leaves would soon shed. She hesitantly peered out the window and noticed that the creeper just had one leaf left, which might come off at any moment. Behrman remained silent, though, and went back to his room. The old artist made a decision that evening to help Johnsy. While Johnsy was sleeping, he painted a leaf from an ivy plant and tied it to the creeper.

The leaf remained still attached to the ivy plant the following day when Johnsy looked out the window. She thought that despite the torrential rain and storm the leaf still clung to the creeper and this provided her the inspiration she needed to live. She felt that she should adopt the same outlook, keep trying to improve, and not give up on herself.

Behrman spent the entire night working on that painting before hanging it from a tree in the middle of a chilly, rainy night. Behram also had pneumonia, and unfortunately, he passed away after two days. He had made the ultimate sacrifice to save Johnsy’s life. She found hope for survival in the last leaf on the Ivy plant.

Johnsy learned that it was silly of her to decide her entire life on the last leaf of a plant. She realized that the last leaf in the creeper must have been there for a significant reason, and she understood that it was terrible for her to wish to die so soon. Johnsy quickly recovered from her ailment.

Sue told Johnsy of Behrman’s demise after she had fully recovered from pneumonia. He died of pneumonia and he had contracted the illness while staying outside in the chilly, rainy weather. She also informed Johnsy that he had painted the last leaf to offer Johnsy hope for surviving. Finally, Behrman had completed his masterwork, the last leaf that gave Johnsy hope for a longer life while he sacrificed his own life in the process.

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The Last Leaf Characters

Character Sketch of Sue

Sue is Johnsy’s best friend and roommate. She is a practical and caring person who tries to lift Johnsy’s spirits and help her recover from her illness. Sue is depicted as a compassionate and selfless character who is willing to sacrifice her own needs to help Johnsy.

Character Sketch of Johnsy

Johnsy is a young artist who is ill with pneumonia and has lost her will to live. Johnsy’s real name was Joanna. She is a dreamer and often spends time looking out the window at the ivy vine. She believes that when the last leaf falls from the vine, she will die. Her character is depicted as weak and fragile, with a tendency to give up easily. However, she is also shown to have a deep sensitivity and appreciation for art.

Character Sketch of Behrman

Behrman is an old painter who lives on the ground floor of Johnsy and Sue’s building. He is a bohemian character, and his life is centered around his art. Behrman is depicted as a gruff and eccentric character with a grumpy demeanor, but he also has a kind and compassionate side. He is determined to protect the young artists and is willing to take risks to do so.

Character Sketch of Doctor

The doctor is a minor character in the story who is called to attend to Johnsy. He is depicted as a professional and competent medical practitioner who is determined to help his patient recover. He is also shown to have a compassionate and caring side, as he understands Johnsy’s fear of death and tries to reassure her.

Conclusion

The protagonist of the tale is a young child who is hopelessly miserable. She made the absurd claim that she would pass away when the Ivy plant sheds all its leaves. A painted leaf that appeared to be real was hanging on the tree made by an old painter named Behrman. The child was, motivated to live when she saw the leaf clinging to the ivy plant despite the storm and rain. Thus, she recovered from the disease and lived a happy life.

TextBook Question

Q.1 What is Johnsy’s illness? What can cure her, the medicine or the willingness to live?

Ans: Johnsy suffered from pneumonia. Her health cannot be cured by medicine alone, her willingness to survive is the main cure.

Q2. Do you believe that Johnsy’s experience of depression is typical of teenagers?

Ans: Yes, I believe that Johnsy’s sadness is rather typical for teenagers today. Teenagers today are constantly striving to improve their life. They have a life where there is constant pressure to excel in every way.

Q3. What is Behrmans dream? Does it come true?

Ans: Behrman’s ultimate goal was to create a masterpiece that looked very real. It eventually becomes true as he paints the last leaf on an ivy creeper and it appears to look like a real leaf.

Q4. What is Behrman’s masterpiece? What makes Sue say so?

Ans: The last leaf on the creeper was Behram’s masterpiece. Sue makes this claim because Behram changed the original leaf secretly in his picture, making it appear real and motivated Johnsy to live.

The Last Leaf Extra Questions

1. What message does the final leaf convey?
Ans: The story’s overarching theme is hope. The author wants to emphasize how crucial it is for a person to have hope and willpower. When Johnsy notices that the leaf that is meant to determine her fate is not falling, she is given new hope. This demonstrates how a person’s hope can be lit by even a tiny deed.

2. What is the offering on the Last leaf?
Ans: Behrman sacrifices his LIFE in “The Last Leaf” so that Johnsy can recover from pneumonia.

3.What did Sue and Johnsy argue about in The Last Leaf?
Ans: Sue and Johnsy argue over Johnsy’s habit of staring out the window at the vine as it sheds its leaves. Johnsy is waiting for the last leaf to fall so that she can pass away, despite Sue’s requests for her to look aside from the wall.

Introduction

The sacrifice of a prince and a bird is the main element of the Happy Prince. The narrative accurately portrays a prince who cares for his subjects. The prince in the story was always joyful because he never saw sadness or misery around him. When the prince passes away, a statue of him was built on a height. His eyes were made of sapphires, and the statue was constructed of gold. With all of his wealth, the prince was no longer content because he had witnessed the pain and agony of his people, and he now works to make everyone happy and assist the less privileged.

Summary

It is a story about the statue of a happy prince. A bird once sought refuge beneath the statue of Happy Prince. When the bird noticed that the prince was not content, she inquired as to why. The prince then retorted that he was known as the happy prince since he never experienced sadness or misery during his lifetime. However, after he passed away and his statue was built outside the castle, he now senses the sufferings of his unfortunate subjects.

The bird made the decision to be the messenger of the prince and aid the less fortunate. The prince instructed him to give the seamstress the ruby from his sword so she could treat his sick son. Then he requested that the Bird offer his one sapphire eye to an artist who was unable to write his play because he was cold and hungry.

One day, he witnessed a match girl being hit physically by her father after she accidentally dropped matches in the canal. He instructed the bird to remove his other eye and offer the sapphire to that young lady. Post this the prince was totally blind, thus, the bird made the decision not to go anywhere but stay with the prince and serve the underprivileged.

The prince lost his sight yet continued to aid the needy. Following the prince’s orders, the Bird dutifully removed the golden leaves from the monument and continued to assist the underprivileged. The statue lost its luster as the poor received all of its gold and sapphires. Then a long winter arrived, which ultimately took the life of the swallow bird, it fell close to the monument. The prince’s leaden heart split in half upon seeing this. As time passes the statue looked dull and unattractive and thus the municipal council members agreed to destroy the statue and melt it in the furnace. The whole statue got destroyed but the heart remained the same which was also thrown near the dead swallow.

God sent an angel to earth and instructed him to collect the most priceless items from the earth; upon his return, the angel carried the prince’s heart and the swallow’s body. Both of them were welcomed by God in his garden.

Textbook Question Answers

1. Why do the prince’s courtiers refer to him as “the Happy Prince”? Is he actually content? What is it that he notices everywhere?

Ans: The prince was known as “The Happy Prince” by his courtiers because, while he was alive, he never experienced sadness. He was actually no longer content because, as a statue raised to a height, he could observe the anguish, misery, and ugliness of his land.

2. Why does the Happy Prince send the seamstress a ruby? What is the role of the swallow in the seamstress’ home?

Ans: Because she was in need and his only son had a fever, the prince sent a ruby to the seamstress. The swallow treated his son at the seamstress’ home.

3. To whom and why does the prince send the sapphires?

Ans: The young writer and the match girl receive the sapphires from the prince, respectively. In order to help the young author finish his play after he fainted from hunger and cold, the prince sends him a sapphire. The match girl dropped matchsticks in the gutter by mistake and his father was beating her. In order to help each of them with their issues, the prince sends sapphire.

4. the swallow flies over the city, what does it see?

Ans: The swallow observes the stark disparity between the lifestyles of the rich and the poor as it hovers over the city. He witnesses wealthy people getting married in their lavish homes while beggars wait outside the gates.

5. Why did the swallow not leave the prince and go to Egypt?

Ans: The swallow was moved by the prince’s kindness, so he chose not to leave him and travel to Egypt.

6. What are the priceless items described in the story? Why are they valuable?

Ans: The leaden heart of the prince and the bird were the two most valuable items in the tale. The bird abandoned his desire to travel to Egypt and chose to live with the prince in order to aid the needy while the prince gave away all of his treasures, including his sapphire and gold.

Extra Questions

1. What is the moral of the story The Happy Prince?

Ans: The story’s message is that we should assist the less fortunate and those in need. The happy prince was an example of this as he gave his diamonds to the underprivileged and needy. The swallow proved to be a wonderful symbol of love and selflessness. Acts of kindness and generosity can have a profound impact on others, and even inanimate objects can possess human qualities. The story emphasizes the need for empathy and a willingness to help those less fortunate.

2. What qualities does the Happy Prince possess?

Ans: The Prince is described as having golden skin, sapphire eyes, and a ruby on the hilt of his sword. Although he is physically attractive to many around him, he believes that this beauty is simply surface-level. He believes that his genuine beauty rests in his compassion for his town’s people and his readiness to make sacrifices for them.

3. What represents Happy Prince?

Ans: The Lead Heart is the symbol that signifies The happy prince. The Happy Prince’s heart is made of lead, and when his beloved Swallow dies from the cold, it breaks.

Introduction

The wind is a metaphorical poem written by Subramania Bharati. The wind is a metaphor for all of the challenges, hardships, and impediments that we encounter in life. The wind is described by the poet as being fierce and breaking everything in its path. It shatters the window shutters, scatters papers, knocks volumes off of shelves, and even rips pages from books.  Along with people’s hearts and lives, its strength also totally destroys homes, doors, and rafters. The poet makes a connection between this strong wind and life’s challenges, hurdles, and struggles.

Summary

The poet requested that the wind blow gently in the first stanza so that it would not do damage to the bookshelves or shatter window shutters. In the second stanza, the window disregards the poet’s advice and discards the books along with their torn pages. The wind begins to exclude weaklings like rafters, doors, and buildings that are actually weak hearts.

The poet then suggests that, on the other side, wind aids in flourishing, much like fire and wheat winnowing. In this approach, he urged people to persevere through all challenges. The world always kicks the weak, but the strong always overcome difficulties. The only way to be friends with the wind or challenges in one’s life is in this way.

The word “crumbling” was used repeatedly in the following paragraph to emphasise how everything crumbles in the presence of a strong wind.   According to him, everything that is weak, including buildings, doors, beams, wooden structures, human and animal bodies, etc., falls and collapses. The poet is trying to convey that when the wind is very strong and powerful, everything breaks.  

He refers to the wind as the “wind god” in the line that follows, and he claims that the strong god of the wind “examines,” which means that it shifts people and the weak fall and are crushed. As a result, the poet here made a connection between people and wheat. The wind god separates the strong people from the weak ones in the same manner that we sort the wheat to separate the grain from the chaff. Furthermore, everything that is weak falls and gets crushed when there is a strong wind.

About the poet

Subramania Bharati, a Tamil poet, wrote the poem wind in that language. He was highly recognised for Tamil literary work and patriotism in the British era. A.K. Ramanuja, who has translated a lot of classical and contemporary poetry, later rendered the poem “Wind” in Kannada and English. In order to overcome life’s challenges rather than giving up on them, the poet hoped to encourage readers with this poetry.

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Conclusion

In this poem, the author effectively conveys the force of the wind by calling it “ruinous.” He also contrasts life’s difficulties with the wind’s destructive power. Only individuals who possess guts and confidence can overcome these challenges and triumph. He claims that strong people come out more grounded while frail folks fall apart pretty readily.

The Wind Poem Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What are the things the wind does in the first stanza?

Ans: The windy wind is described in the first stanza as breaking window shutters, scattering papers, tossing all books from the shelf to the ground, and tearing the book’s pages apart.

2. Have you seen anybody winnow gain at home or in a paddy field? What is the word in your language for winnowing? What do people use for winnowing? (Give  the words in your language if you know them.)

Ans: Yes, we have observed winnowing of grain at home. This is a typical practise in India, particularly in rural areas. Winnowing is used to separate the wheat from the chaff. It is a method of cleaning wheat in which the grain is flung from a height, where it falls to the ground while the light chaff and dust are carried away by the wind. The terminology for the winnowing procedure in various Indian languages include “phatkna,” “pichorna,” and “Barsana,” among others. A certain type of basket and, in some locations, a container known as a “Chaaj,” are both used for winnowing.

II

1. What does the poet say the wind god winnows?

Ans: The weak creatures in nature are separated from the strong ones by the wind that God winnows. The strong wind tosses anything that is weak, and it destroys it. The wind deity separates the weak from the strong, just like a winnower separates wheat grains from chaff.

2. What should we do to make friends with the wind?

Ans: The poet advises making your body and ears robust to be least affected by the stormy wind, as well as creating strong walls and doors, in order to be friends with the wind.

3. What does the last four line of the poem mean to you?

Ans: The poem’s final four words convey an important message: In the face of adversity, the strong people become stronger and triumph. On the other hand, those who are strong and determined face obstacles head-on, and rather than destroying them, problems in their lives serve to sharpen them or aid in their success.

Extra Questions

The author encourages us to be strong both mentally and physically, so that the wind can be our ally. The wind is used as a metaphor for the difficulties and challenges that we all encounter in our lives. The poem emphasizes the importance of facing these challenges with courage and resilience. The author suggests that we need to be strong in the face of adversity, so that we can confront it with confidence and determination. Ultimately, the poem highlights the power of nature and the role it can play in helping us to navigate life’s challenges.

2. Why does the poet want the wind to blow gently?

The poet asks the wind to be gently because he wants people to appreciate it rather than letting it be destructive and turbulent, which only brings about destruction in the world.

3. What does the poem’s “metaphor” mean?

The metaphor “Wind” is used in this poem to represent a challenging scenario that harms some people while benefiting others simultaneously.

4. What is the poem’s hidden message or symbolism?

Ans: We all have trials and obstacles in life, but Subramania Bharati’s poem Wind conveys the idea that we should be resilient enough to overcome them. A weak person crumbles and falls like a weak building, yet a strong person will still prevail over these obstacles.