Introduction
If all three angles and three sides of one triangle are the same size and dimension as the corresponding angles and sides of the other triangle, then the two triangles are said to be congruent.
The size and shape of any two congruent triangles are the same. Angles in one triangle have a measure that is the same as angles in another triangle. The corresponding sides of the congruent triangles also have equal lengths. Triangles that are congruent with one another can reflect or rotate another.
Congruent Meaning
If two figures can be placed exactly over one another, they are said to be “congruent.”
Take bread example as an example. The bread slices are stacked one on top of the other so that the top slice completely encloses the bottom slice. When stacked on top of the other, every slice of bread is the same size and shape. When something is congruent, it must have the same size and shape. Mathematics uses the term “congruence” to describe when two figures have similar sizes and shapes.
Congruence of Triangles
A triangle is a closed 3-sided figure in geometry. A triangle is a closed polygon made up of three lines that intersect at three different angles. The two triangles are said to be congruent if all three corresponding sides are equal and all three corresponding angles have the same measure. The appearance of these triangles remains constant when they are moved, rotated, flipped, or turned. If the triangles are moved, they must be superimposed to be congruent. As a result, if the triangles’ corresponding sides and angles are equal, the triangles are congruent. Thus, along the corresponding sides and angles, the congruent triangles can be stacked one on top of the other.
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Congruence Criteria for Triangles
Five triangle congruence rules can be used to determine whether a given pair of triangles are congruent or not. The six dimensions allow for a perfect definition of any triangle. The particular triangle has three sides, as well as three angles. As a result, only three of the triangles’ six parts can be used to determine whether two triangles are congruent. The acronym CPCT stands for “Corresponding parts of Congruent triangles”. Triangles can be shown to be congruent, at which point the remaining dimension can be predicted without having to calculate the triangles’ missing sides and angles. The following lists the five triangle congruence rules.
- SSS (Side-Side-Side)
- SAS (Side-Angle-Side)
- ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)
- AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)
- RHS (Right angle -Hypotenuse-Side)
Note: ASA and AAS are not the same. Like ASA and AAS, SAS does not have any related counterpart like SSA, However, a variation of ASS exists for right triangles as RHS, where R is the angle and the other two, i.e., H and S, are sides.
Congruent Triangles Properties – CPCT
Congruent triangles have all their sides and angle equal, thus if two triangles are where we know all the properties of one and not the other, then we can find all the properties of the second triangle by simply comparing the corresponding parts in the first. Congruent triangles are most frequently referred to using the abbreviation CPCT. The term “Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles” is abbreviated as CPCT. It is a crucial characteristic of congruent triangles. Congruent triangles’ respective parts are always equal. The congruent triangle properties refer to this.
Types of Congruence
There are 5 types of triangle congruence criteria.
Side Side Side (SSS)
Side Side Side or also known as SSS congruence criteria states that if all three sides of two triangles are equal, then the triangles are congruent.
Side Angle Side (SAS)
Side Angle Side or also known as SAS congruence criteria states that if two sides and their included angles are equal in two triangles, then the triangles are congruent.
Angle Side Angle (ASA)
Angle Side Angle or also known as ASA congruence criteria states that if a side and two angles on it are equal in two triangles, then the triangles are congruent.
Angle Angle Side (AAS)
Angle Angle Side or also known as AAS congruence criteria states that if two angles and a side not common to the two angles are equal in two triangles, then the triangles are congruent.
Right angle Hypotenuse Side (RHS)
Right angle Hypotenuse Side or RHS congruence criteria only applies to right triangles, it says that in two triangles if they have a right angle, and their hypotenuses and one other side are equal in both triangles, then the triangles are congruent.
Summary
In this article, the topic of congruence is discussed in detail. If two figures share the same shape and size, they are said to be congruent; alternatively, if a figure shares the same shape and size as its mirror image, it is said to be congruent to its mirror image.
This article also shines a light on the topic of Rules of congruence for triangles. There are 5 basic congruence criteria, namely SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, and RHS.
For more help, you can Refer to Lesson 23 congruence of Triangles in Math Class 7.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What do you mean by Congruence?
Ans 1. Congruent figures are geometric objects that share the same size and shape in mathematics. The two figures are equal and are referred to as congruent figures.
2. Are all Squares Congruent?
Ans 2. No, all squares are not congruent, since for congruence two figures must have all of their quantifying dimensions must be equal, that includes all the sides and all the angles. All squares have the same angles, but their side lengths are different, hence they aren’t congruent.
3. Is AAA a criterion for the Congruence of Triangles?
Ans 3. No, AAA is not a criterion for congruence because even if all the angles of two triangles are equal, that necessarily does not mean that they have the same side length, for example two equilateral triangles of sides 3cm and 5cm, both have the same 60-60-60 angle, but they are not congruent because their sides are of different lengths.